六级综合改错命题
内容:

一、命题规律
改错这一类型在CET六级考试中占有重要的地位。根据《大学英语六级考试大纲》规定，合改错（Error Correction)共10题，考试时间15分钟，在一篇题材熟悉、难度适中的短文（约200词)中有10行标有题号，每行有一个错误（不含拼写或标点错误)。这种篇章型的短文改错形式，与传统的句子改错相比，难度增大。这部分试题主要测试学生的英语综合表达能力，要求学生在全面理解内容的基础上，根据上、下文增添、删去或改正某一个词（或
词组)，使短文意思连贯，结构正确。
综合改错所选短文的体裁以议论文、记叙文为主，内容多是考生较熟悉的科普、社科，人文
历史等方面。考点涉及上下文语义矛盾，缺漏和赘述，介词误用，代词误用，非谓语动词的
误用，形容词和副词的误用，一致性方面的错误，用词不当，逻辑关系混乱，时态、语态错
误等，这就在综合运用语言的能力上对考生提出了较高要求。
（一)上下文语义矛盾
通过对近年六级改错部分的分析，发现出现错误率的频率最高的就是上下文语义矛盾这一项，上下文语义矛盾，也就是说，根据上文的内容，紧接下来的部分应该是肯定意义，结果原
文却用了否定；反之，根据上下文的连贯关系，下文本该用否定却用了肯定。
（二)缺漏和多余
缺漏某些不可少或加了某些不必要的词都会使句意不通顺。一般来说，缺漏和多余的词多为
介词、代词、冠词或连词。多余还可能出现相同意义的词语叠加在一起或出现两个主语现场。
（三)介词误用
介词使句中某些词与其他词发生一定的关系，其在英语中占很重要的地位，故成为又一重要
考点。
（四)代词误用
如果某一代词根本无所指，或与其所指代的实词意义不一致那么就需要对其进行纠正。
（五)非谓语动词错用
非谓语动词是令人头疼的改错类型，它包括不定式、分词、动名词。六级改错中的主要出现
是非谓语动词与主要谓语动词之间的混淆。
（六)形容词、副词（包括比较级和最高级)误用
形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级是改错考题中必考的项目之一。常见错误类型有：
1.不能区分哪两部分进行比较，是主语之间、宾语之间还是时间状语之间、地点状语之间
的比较。
2.不可分级的形容词、副词误用了比较结构。
（七)一致性方面的错误
一致性（Agreement或Concord)在英语中属于一种很基础、很常见的语法现象。一致性指主
谓一致、名词单复数与其修饰语的一致，代词与先行词的一致，还有时态一致、修辞手法一
致等。六级考试改错题中常见的一致性方面的错误有以下几类：
1.主谓一致。主谓不一致错误是CET 6综合改错内容之一，主要表现为主语名词与谓语动
词间隔较长，首尾不能相接，造成视觉上的混淆。
2.名词单复数。有时名词可以不用复数，但是在特定的句子中由于前面有明确的量词修饰，如may,several,a number of,a variety of 等等，就要变成复数形式。
3.代词与先行词一致。代词的主要功能是指代已出现的名词、词组或一个意群，因此代词
的出现必须有所指，而且形、数等与前面所代的部分相符。这是代词改错的核心。
（八)用词不当
英语中有很多同义词、反义词、易混词，如assure/ensure,rise/arise/raise,effect/affect等。从历年六级改错题看，对这些词的误用构成六级改错的一个重要的错误类型。误是被动语态被误用为主动语态。
（九)逻辑关系混乱
现主句和从句时态可能不一致的情形。另外，改错题中最常见的语态错这类错误常常不易被发现，因为它不属于句子内部的语言知识，而是句子与句子之间串联的关系。要想把这类错误纠正出来，需要考生对文章有总体的理解，头脑中有个大的框架。一般改错中的连接词错误都会使句子的逻辑关系发生改变，或造成句子的语义逻辑混乱。六级综合改错中对逻辑关系的考查主要集中在因果、转折、条件、让步等关系上，其中以因果和转折连接词最为常见。
（十)时态、语态错误
一篇结构完整的短文中，时态的使用应该是连贯一致的，但六级改错中常出现主句和从句时
态可能不一致的情形。另外，改错题中最常见的语态错误是被动语态被误用为主动语态。

二、解题步骤

（1)通读全文，把握大意。
短文改错不同于单词改错，它涉及逻辑行文错误，及句子与句子之间必要的联系，单独看可
能是对的，但从整体看却与上下文不符，因此，事先必须通读全文，把握文章的大意及上下
文之间联系。
(2)记住多，漏、错及正确项命题的数量比例。
在短文改错中正确项一般只有一个，多项1到2个，漏项1到2个，错项5个左右 。这一规律告诉我们应从哪些方面去发现错误，怎样改正错误。
(3)分句阅读，从以下几个方面发现问题。
a.实词的变化，如动词的时态，语态变化，现在时第三人称单数形式变化，非谓语动词的
形式变化，名词的单复数变化，代词与格的变化，形容词，副词比较等级的变化等。
b.冠词、不定式符号、不定代词等
c.句子中的平行现象以及上下文中的一致现象。
d.表示肯定与否定，全否定与部分否定，转折，让步，因果关系词是否用得恰当，是否影
响了句子与句子之间的逻辑关系。
4.复读全文，消除疏忽。
做完后，应把改正后答案放在短文中去复读一遍，一查是否通顺恰当，二查该加符号的地方
是否用了该用的符号，以保证答题准确率。

六级综合改错在线测试
Exercise 1

For the first 18 months of her life Helen Keller was a nor
mal infant who cried，learned to recognize the voice of her fa
ther and mother and took  joy for looking at their faces and ab                 1._________
jects about her home.“Then，”as she recalled later，“came the
illness which close my eyes and ears and plunged me into the
unconsciousness of a newborn baby.”
The illness，perhaps scarlet fever，vanished as quick as it                     2._________
struck，but it erased not only the child’s vision and hearing
but also，a result，her powers of articulate speech.                          3._________
Her life thereafter，as a girl and as a woman，became a
triumph (over) crushing adversity and shattering afflic
tion.In time，Miss Keller learned to circumvent (智胜) her
blindness，deafness and muteness;she could“see”and “listen”              4._________
with exceptional acuity; she even learned to talk passably
and to dance in time to a fox trot or a waltz.Her remarkable
mind unfolded，and she was in and of the world，a full and
happy participant in life.
What was set Miss Keller apart was that no similarly                          5._________
afflicted person before had done more than acquire the simp
lest skills.
But she was graduated Radcliffe;she became an artful                         6._________
and subtle writer;she led a vigorous life;she developed into a
crusading (征战) humanitarian who supported Socialism;
and she energized movements that revolutionized help for
the blind and deaf. 7._________
Her tremendous accomplishments and the force of as
sertive personality that underlay them were released through
the devotion and skill of Anne Sullivan Macy，her teacher，
through whom in large degree she expressed her
self.Mrs.Macy succeeded，at her death in 1936，by Polly 8._________
Thomson，who died on 1960.Since then Miss Keller’s com 9._________
panion had been Mrs.Winifred Corbally.
Miss Keller’s life was so long and so crowded with im
probable feats—from riding horseback to learning Greek—and
she was so serene yet so determined in her advocacy of
beneficent causes that she became a great legend.She is al 10._________
ways seemed to be standing before the world as an example
of unquenchable will.
答案解析
1. for  → in
此处为介词错误。take joy in doing something为固定结构，意为喜欢做某事，或从做某
事中获得快乐。
2. quick   → quickly
文中提到疾病，可能是腥红热，来得快去得也快。quickly修饰动词vanished和struck，故
应用副词，而不用形容词。strike意为疾病侵袭。
3.∧ a result → as
as a result为固定搭配，意为因此。
4. “listen   ” → hear
此处为动词错误。listen强调动作本身，而hear强调动作结果，听见。文中句意为“她可以
异常敏锐地‘看到’或‘听到’。故应用hear。
5. was   → ／
此处为语态错误，应用主动语态，而不是被动语态。此句意为把海伦·凯勒和其他人区分开
来的是，患过同样疾病的人只能获得最基本的技能。
6.graduated ∧ Radicliffe → from
此处缺少介词。graduate from意为从……地方毕业。
7.and ∧ deaf → the
此处缺少冠词。形容词前加定冠词the，表示某一类人。
8.Macy ∧ succeeded → was
succeeded在此处不是成功的意思，而是指继承、接替。原文意为Mrs Macy在1936年去世后，由Polly Thomson来接替她的工作。故应加was。
9.on  → in
此处为介词错误。年号前应用介词in。
10. is   → ／
此处为语态错误。应用主动语态而不是被动语态。

Exercise 2

A new era is upon us.Call it which you will：the service 1._________
economy，the information age，the knowledge society.It all
translates to a fundamental change in the way we
work.Already we’re partly there.The percentage of people
who earn their live by making things has fallen dramatically 2._________
in the Western World.Today the majority of jobs in America，
Europe and Japan(two thirds or more in many of these coun
tries)are in the service industry，and the number is in the 3._________
rise.More women are in the work force than ever before.There
are more part time jobs.More people are self employed.But
the breadth of the economic transformation can’t have measured 4._________
by numbers alone，because it also is giving rise to a radical new
way of thinking about the nature of work itself.Long held no
tions about jobs and careers，the skills needed to succeed，even
the relation between individuals and employers—all these are
being at challenged. 5._________
We must only to look behind us to get some sense of 6._________
what may lie ahead.No one looking ahead 20 years possibly
could have foreseen the ways in which a single invention，the
chip (集成块)，would transform our world thanks in its applica 7._________
tions in personal computers，digital communications and factory
robots.Tomorrow’s achievements in biotechnology，artificial in
telligence or even some still unimagined technology could pro
duce a similar wave of dramatic changes.But one thing is cer
tain：information and knowledge will become even more vital，and
the people who possess it，whether they work in manufacturing
nor services，will have the advantage and produce the 8._________
wealth.Computer knowledge will be as basic a requirement as 9._________
the ability to read and write.The ability to solve problems by ap
plying information instead of performing routine tasks will be
valued all else.If you cast your mind ahead 10 years，in forma   10._________
tion services will be predominant.It will be the way you do
your job.

答案解析

1.which   → what
此处为关系代词错误。此句意为：你愿意怎么叫它就怎么叫。
2.live    → living
earn one’s living 为固定搭配，意为赚钱、谋生。
3. in   → on
此处为介词错误。be on the rise为固定搭配，在上升。象这样的词组还有：on the increase 增加;on the decrease减少，on the decline下降。
4.have  → be
此处为动词错误。应用被动语态，而不是完成时态。原文意为经济改革的广度不能仅仅靠数字来衡量。
5.at   → /
介词at应该去掉。此句意为所有这些都受到了挑战。
6.We must  → have
此处为动词错误。have to为固定词组，不得不，必须，相当于must。
7.in  → to
此处为介词错误。thanks to为固定词组，意为因为，由于。
8.nor  → or
whether…or…为固定搭配。不管……还是……，此句意为不管他们是在工厂工作还是在
服务业工作。nor通常和neither连用，有否定意思。
9.be  → become
此处为动词错误。此句意为电脑知识会变成象读写能力一样最基本的要求。
10.valued ∧ all → above
此处缺少冠词。valued above all else意为比任何一切其他的都重要，有价值。

Exercise 3

Until very recently，the songs of colonial American were
known only in small，isolated areas of the United States.They
were handed on within a family circle，and there was no way 1._________
for them to become known over the whole country or be a 2._________
real part of the nation’s culture.Since each generation tended
to remember its own songs and to forget the older songs it
once knows，much of the nation’s song heritage (遗产) may 3._________
have disappeared.
The first step toward preserve America’s song heritage 4._________
was taken by scholars，collectors and researchers who gathered
and studied songs;next，singers became interested，and
soon folk songs could be heard nationally by radio.Finally， 5._________
America’s rediscovered musical heritage was spread to the 6._________
schools，becoming part of every child’s experience.
Many colonial songs were rediscovered in the Southern
Appalachian Mountains.Universities，the Library of
Congress，and many individual collections added up to the 7._________
treasury (文库) of song.In some parts of the nation old Scottish，
Irish，Welsh，or English song had not been pushed out of 8._________
existence by newer music.There collectors found ten，twenty，
even thirty versions of the same ballad—sometimes with a different
ture or story，but always recogn izable and always originating
in the same old song.In few isolated places，the ballads 9._________
still existed in what was probably the form that sung in    10._________
colonial days，but since the songs were transmitted orally，
individual variations have probably crept in.

答案解析

1.on  → down
“hand down”意为“传下去”，尤指“家传，祖传”，是固定短语。
2.or ∧ be → to
此处是并列句错误。本句结构是there was no way for them to become…and to be a re
al part…。“and”前后引导两个不定式，后一个to也不能省略。
3.knows   → knew
此处是时态错误。once：从前，是明确的过去时间状语，因而knows改成knew。
4.preserve    → preserving
此处是非谓语动词错误。toward是介词，后面应加名词或动名词形式，因而preserve改成preserving。
5.by  → on
by radio意思是“通过广播”，是一种方式，如by air，by bus etc.on radio是在广播里播放，此处的意思是后者。
6.was  → ／
此处是语态错误。spread大多数情况下用做不及物动词，当它用作及物动词时多以人作主语，传播消息、疾病等等，此处是不及物动词的用法。
7.up  → ／
“add up to”：加起来总共，eg.The cost added up to 80 yuan.“add to”：“加入，汇入”，“treasury of song”意为“歌曲总集”，此处应用add to而不是add up to。      
8.song  → songs
此处不是单独提到某一首歌，而是泛泛所指，应用复数名词songs，上文“treasury of song”(歌曲总集)，是习惯表达法，属于一致性错误。
9.In ∧ few → a
从句子主干部分可知本句是肯定语气，“still”更加重了肯定语气。“在一些孤立的地方，民谣仍然以殖民地时期被歌唱的形式存在”。few表示否定，因而把它改成a few。
10.that  → ／
此处是非谓语动词错误。that去掉，“sung in colonial days”成为过去分词作定语，相
当于“the form that was sung in colonial days”。

Exercise 4

In 1916，Congress passed a law creating the National
Park Service. This Service protects the scenery and wildlife in
344 national  parks，monuments，and historic sites，that   1._________
visitors can enjoy the land in its natural state.Among some of
the most famous U.S.national parks is Yellowstone，Grand 2._________
Canyon，Grand Teton，and Yosemite.
The natural beauty of nearly all these sites is now being
threatened in some way.Condominiums (共管领地)
have built along the border of Rocky Mountain National 3._________
Park in Colorado.Forests have been stripped out  of trees to 4._________
the edge of Olympic Park in Washington.The Grand Canyon has
three uranium (铀) mine on nearby federal land，and fifty more 5._________
are planned.
Not only land development near National Park Service sites 6._________
spoil scenic views，but it also leads to more serious problems.For
example，homes，oil wells，and citrus(柠檬) farms now encircle
the Florida Everglades.Pesticides(杀虫剂) from farms run off
into the Everglades，as do waste water.As a result，90 percent of 7._________
the wading birds(涉水禽鸟) who used to live in the park are
gone.Cutting down trees in forests next Yellowstone Park has 8._________
threatened the park’s wildlife.Some wild animals and birds live in
these nearby forests，so cutting down trees destroys their homes. 9._________
Any kind of development nearby National Park Service land
tarnishes the once sparkling natural jewel.The National Parks
and Conservation Association want the federal government to    10._________
expand the boundaries of 200 Park Service sites.It also wants
the government to add forty six more areas to the National Park
Service system.

答案解析

1.sites，∧ that → so
此处是连接词错误。“so that”引导目的状语从句，表示“以便于、以使”，否则句子结
构过于松散。
2.is  → are
此处是主谓一致性错误。本句是倒装句，“among some…parks”是表语前置，主语是后面
的Yellowstone，Grand Canyon，Grand Teton，and Yosemite，因而系动词应用are，而不是is。
3.have ∧ built → been
此处是语态错误。本句应是被动语态的完成式，Condominiums(共管领地)沿着科罗拉多州Rocky山国家公园的边境已经被建成。
4.out → ／
“be stripped of”，“被剥夺”，out是多余的成分，应去掉。
5.mine  → mines
此处是一致性错误。mine前面有there来修饰，很显然是可数名词，应用复数。uranium min
e：铀矿。
6.only ∧ land → does
此处是语序错误。Not only置于句首应用倒装形式，主语是land development，谓语是spoil，因而在land前面加上助动词does表示倒装。
7.do  → does
此处是主谓一致错误。waste water是不可数名词，永远是单数形式，因而do 应改成does，
“as does waste water”意为“废水也是一样(流入佛罗里达州的南部大沼泽)”。
8.next ∧ Yellowstone → to
“next to”表示邻近，毗邻。单独的next表示下一个。
9.nearby   → near
此处是易混词错误。“nearby”可用作副词或形容词，意为“附近的”，但此处应用表示“
附近”的介词，所以把nearby改成near。
10.want  → wants
此处是主谓一致性错误。主语是一个专有名词“The National Parks and Conservation Association”(国家公园及保护协会)。谓语动词应用单数形式。尽管专有名词内部有and，
从后文以“It”来代替这个组织也可辨别它是单数名词。

内容:
一、命题规律
“英译汉”是从1996年1月起在大学六年级考试中准备采用的新题型之一，但至今未在考试中出现过。对近年六级试题的研究表明，没有出过的题并不代表不考，作为新题型的一种，英译汉是必须掌握的内容，每年都有可能采用这个题型，因此，考生必须对此作好充分的准备。
“英译汉”考题安排在阅读理解部分之后，每次考试共5题，分别从阅读理解部分的4篇文章中选择一至两个句子组成一题，每题约20 30个单词。考试时间为15分钟。考试时考生可参阅阅读理解部分的有关文章，以便了解上下文。
下面是“英译汉”样题及参考答案：
Directions：In this part,there are five items which you should translate into Chinese, each item consisting of one or two sentences.These sentences are all taken from the reading Passages you have just read in the Third Part of the Test Paper.You are allowed 15 minutes to do the translation.
You can refer back to the passages so as to identify their meanings in the context.1.(Line 1~2,Para.2,Passage
1)There will be television chat shows hosted by robots,and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.
届时，将出现由机器人主持的电视谈话节目以及装有污染监控器的汽车，一旦这些汽车排污
超标(违规)，监控器就会令其停驶。
本题属于包含定语从句的复合句。句子框架为：There will be television chat shows…,and cars with pollution monitors…that从句修饰pollution monitors。when引导状语从句。
2.(Line 2~3,Para.1,Passage 2)
Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.
在现代条件下，这需要不同程度的中央控制措施，从而就需要获得诸如经济学和运筹学等领
域专家的协助。
本题属于简单句。句子框架是this requires various measures of centralized control and…the help of specialized scientists such as…。本句比较简单。
需要注意的是：require有两个宾语。第2个宾语是the help。在翻译时需要加上“获得”二
字。measure 在这里是“程度，幅度，限度”的意思。varying measures可译成“程度不同”。
3.(Line 2~3,Para.1,Passage 3)
But even more important,it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past,for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.更为重要的是，这是科学家们所能观测到的最遥远的过去的景象，因为他们看到的是150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。
本句为典型的长句。主干为主句+for引导的原因状语从句。不过，主句中含定语从句，修饰表语；状语从句中又含主语从句和修饰表语的定语从句。关键词为pattern，本句中应译为“形状，形态”。另外，billion到底是多少，要弄清楚。
4.(Line 2~3,para.1,Passage 4)
Actually,it isnt,because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights,which is something the world does not have
事实并非如此，因为这种问法是以人们对人的权利有共同认识为前提的，而这种共识并不存在。本句为主从复合句。主语很简单，但because引导的状语从句中又含宾语从句，该宾语从句中又含非限定性定语从句。关键词：assume假定，以……为前提；agreed account一致的认识。
5.(Line 5~6,Para.1,Passage 4)
When that happens,it is not a mistake：it is mankinds instinct for moral reasoning in action,an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.
这种反应没什么错：这是人类用道德观念进行推理的本能在起作用。这种本能应得到鼓励，
而不应遭到嘲弄。
冒号前面的部分看似简单，但翻译时一定要注意“通顺”或者说合乎汉语习惯的原则。
二、应试技巧
英译汉的基本翻译方法包括理解、表达和校核三个阶段。
（一)理解
　　这一阶段的目的主要是读懂英语原文，弄清原文的意思。它包括以下几点：
1.通读全文
　　目的在于从整体上把握整篇文章的内容，理解画线部分与文章其他部分之间的语法与逻辑关系。在段落中要搞清画线的句子和其他句子之间的关系，特别要弄清代词it, they, them, this, that, these, those和other等所指代的词或词组。
2.分析画线部分的句子结构
　　从翻译试题来看，画线部分一般来说句子结构都比较复杂，如果不搞清楚它的语法结构
，很难达到正确完整地理解原文的要求。在分析画线部分的句子结构时，要首先注意把句子
的主、谓、宾找出来，明确句子的骨干结构；同时要注意分析句子成分是否有省略的地方，
主句和从句之间的关系是否明确等等。
3.理解画线部分的含义
　　不仅要弄清句子中所有实词和虚词的词汇意义，还要理解全句的整体意思及该句子所处
的具体的语言环境。在此阶段应弄清楚下列问题：
（1)句子中是否含有代词和其他具有指代意义的词，如果有，应根据上下文确定它们
指代的内容是什么。　　
（2)句子中的短语和一些常用的词具有多种含义和用法的，应结合它的“左邻右舍”，
确定具体含义是什么。
（3)该部分的意义是否与全篇文章的内容一致，是否相互矛盾。
（二)表达
　　就是译者把自己从英语原文理解的内容用汉语表达出来，表达的好坏取决于译者对英语
原文的理解程度以及汉语的修养。在表达上有许多具体的方法和技巧,一般分为直译和意译。
1．直译。就是在译文语言条件许可时，在译文中既保持原文的内容，又保持原文的形
式。但是也不能生搬硬套的硬译，如果这样来译一篇文章，结果可想而知是不伦不类了。
2．意译。就是不拘泥于原文的形式以及格式，重点在于正确表达原文的意思。当然，
意译并不等于我们可以乱译，还是要忠于原文材料。
在考试中一般提倡直译法，但我们可以在考试中把直译和意译结合起来；直译为主，意译为辅，就是先把句子直译，再把直译出来的译句中的某些比较生硬的词加以意译，达到符合汉语语言习惯，变成比较通顺圆滑的句子。
（三)校核
　　校核也是翻译过程中一个重要的过程，即在英译汉过程中,考生从英语到汉语、从汉语
到英语反复推敲的过程，以使译文达到“忠实”、“通顺”的要求。校核过程中我们应注意以下几点：
1．校核修改翻译过程中译错或表达不够准确的词组、词汇和句子。
2．校核汉语译文中的词和句有无错漏。
3．校核原文中的时间、日期、人物名称、地点，以及有关数字等是否和译文相符合。
5．校核标点符号的正确性。

六级简短题在线测试
Joe Templer should have known better： after all, he works for a large autoinsurance company.It wont hurt to leave the key in the truck this once, he thought, as he filled his gas tank at a self service gas station.But moments later as he was paying the money he saw the truck being driven away.
In 1987, 1.6 million motor vehicles were stolen in the United States—one every 20 seconds.If current trends continue, experts predict annual vehicle thefts could exceed two million by the end of the decade.
Vehicle theft is a common phenomenon, which has a direct impact on over four million victims a year.The cost is astonishing.
Many police officials blame professional thieves for the high volume of thefts.It is major money maker for organized crime.Typically, stolen cars are taken to pieces and the parts sold to individuals.But as many as 200,000 cars are smuggled out of the country every year.Most go to Latin America, the Middle East and Europe.
Only about 15 percent car thefts result in an arrest, because few police departments routinely conduct in depth auto investigations.When thieves are arrested, judges will often sentence them to   probation (缓刑), not immediately put them in prison because the prisons are overcrowded with violent criminals.
One exception is a Michigan program that assigns 92 police officers to work full time on the states 65,000 car theft cases a year.Since 1986, when the effort began, the states autotheft rate has fallen from second in the nation to ninth.
How can you protect your car? If you live in a high theft area or drive an expensive model, consider a security system.It may cost anywhere from 25 to 1,000.Some systems engage automatically—simply removing the key disables the fuel pump and the starter.When cars are equipped with such systems, thefts may drop by one third.In some states, you may be able to use a device that transmits radio signals, allowing stolen cars to be tracked by police.
Questions：
S1.What is the Passage mainly about?_________
S2.What does the author think Joe Templer should be blamed for?_________
S3.How serious did the author predict the annual vehicle theft could be in the United States in 1989?_________
S4.What are the two ways thieves sell the stolen cars?_________
S5.What type of security system can help the police track down a stolen car?_________

答案解析

S1.Vehicle theft and security system in U.S.
S2.Having left his key in the truck.
S3.Over 2 million vehicles will be stolen.
S4.Selling by parts and smuggling into other countries.
S5.The type transmitting radio signals.

exercise 2
Whenever a dramatic author is asked to discuss“the mission of the playwright”，there is a great temptation for him to become self important.Instead of being just a hard working writer，he suddenly becomes a man with a mission.For a moment this makes him feel quite important and he begins to think about his mission：to hold the mirror up to nature，to interpret a generation to itself，to question outmoded conventions，to protest，to praise，to criticize and so on through the clichese (题材).
Ask a hundred playwrights what they see as their mission and you will get a hundred different answers.Playwriting，like any other kind of writing，is a highly personal matter.The dramatist writes out of a personal need to express himself on some aspect of his world—on social abuse，personal morality，the need for love and understanding，loneliness，or whatever.None of these is better than any other，only different.Nor is the playwright any less worthy who simply sets out to entertain his audience，to amuse it，to make it laugh.
The mission of the playwright，then，is to look into his heart and write：to write of whatever concerns him at the moment;to write with passion and conviction(firm belief).Of course，the measure of the man will be the measure of his plays.A man cannot express more than is in him though often，to his regret，he expresses less because of the almost inevitable failure to realize his vision fully.
Of course，the writer whose heart beats in a too special way，whose interests and concerns are incomprehensible will probably not be a good playwright because—to get back to the cliches，as we must—a writer does reflect nature，does interpret his generation to itself;and if he and his concerns are far removed from his generation，an audience will find no recognition in his work and therefore no pleasure，no enlightenment.
Questions：
1.What topic is this Passage mainly concerned with?
______________________________________________________.
2.When a dramatic author is asked about his mission as a playwright，he may feel
______________________________________________________.
3.According to the author，an important characteristic of playwriting is
______________________________________________________.
4.What exactly is the mission of a playwright，according to the Passage?
______________________________________________________.
5.A playwright who is far removed from the people will not
______________________________________________________.

答案解析

1.The mission or great task of the playwright.
2.self important.
3.is a highly personal matter
4.To write what he cares about with passion and conviction.
5.be recognized or enjoyed

exercise 3

In America，the movement of housing away from the high rise buildings of the inner cities originated in the 1920s，but was stalled by the Great Depression of the 1930s and by World War Ⅱ.After the war a tremendous surge occured in the real estate market with the advent of single family homes on relatively small lots typically less than one tenth of an acre.During the 1950s，many large tract developments encroached (侵占) on former farmlands near metropolitan areas.The most dramatic instances of this sprawling effect were witnessed in western municipalities such as San Jose and San Diego whose city charters defined their boundaries over several hundred square kilometers.These large parcels of land were overrun by standard three bedrooms，two baths，“ranch style” homes in a few short decades.
By the 1960s construction had subsided significantly and developers began building different kinds of plans to try and accommodate the changes in the market.Those who had taken advantage of the suburbanization trend in the post war years had seen the value of their real estate increase dramatically and many were anxious to re invest their assets.In an effort to reap this affluence，
certain cotractors moved away from the standard models and began designing larger buildings on increasingly spacious parcels even farther from city centers.Other builders began working on homes to meet the needs of young couples starting new families.The townhouse，a two to three story brick and frame structure containing more than 4 but less than 30 units per structure，was seen as the solution.These apartments were successful in luring many young adult city dwellers out to the suburbs.
In subsequent development，traditional single family ranch style designs continued to be embraced，but new forms were also introduced：the condominium，a single family attached dwelling;the triplex and fourplex，three and four family structures;and prefabs，which have become significantly more popular during the last 20 years owing to their low cost and ease of construction.The prefabs have the additional distinction of being mobile.It is not uncommon to see semi trailers hauling these modular living units along the freeways to remote destinations.In a ve
ry real sense，this phenomena marks the cutting edge of suburbanization：a move out of the traditional suburbs and into areas that were formally considered wilderness.
Questions：
1.What topic is the Passage primarily concerned with?
______________________________________________________.
2.What happened in the real estate market after World War Ⅱ?
______________________________________________________.
3.By the 1960s，construction ______________________________
______________________________________________________.
4.How many alternatives were introduced to traditional suburban housing?
_____________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________.
5.What is the distinctive feature of “prefabs”?__________________
______________________________________________________.

答案解析

1.Suburban housing /Housing away from city
2.A great increase / A tremendous surge
3.slowed down and diversified to suit changes in the market
4.Three
5.Mobility
exercise 4

A man’s skin is thicker than a woman’s and not nearly as soft. The thickness prevents the sun’s radiation from getting through， which is why men wrinkle less than women do.Women have a thin layer of fat just under the skin and there is a plus to this greater far reserve. It acts as an invisible fur coat to keep a woman warmer in the winter.Women also stay cooler in summer. The fat layer helps insulate them against heat.Men’s fat is distributed differently. And they do not have that layer of it underneath their skin. In fact， they have considerably less fat than women and more lean mass. Forty one percent of a man’s body is muscle compared to thirty five percent for women， which means men have more muscle power. When it comes to strength， almost 90 percent of a man’s weight is strength compared to about 50 percent of a woman’s weight.The higher proportion of muscle to fat makes it easier for men to lose weight.
Muscle burns up five more calories a pound than fat does just to maintain itself. So when a man goes on a diet， the pounds roll off much faster.For all men’s muscularity they do not have the energy reserves women do. They have more start up energy， but the fat tucked away in women’s nooks and crannies provides a rich energy reserve that men lack.Cardiologists at the University of Alabama who tested healthy women on treadmills discovered that over years the female capacity for exercise far exceeds the male capacity. A woman of sixty who is in good health can exercise up to 90 percent of what she could do when she was twenty. A man of sixty has only 60 percent left of his capacity as a twenty year old.
Questions：
1.The title of the Passage can be______________.
2.What makes men wrinkle less than women? _________________.
3.The thin layer of fat under women’s skin keep in summer_________________.
4.The proportion of muscle to fat explains why it is_________________.for women to lose weight compared with men.
5.It is implied that the process of aging is in a healthy woman.

答案解析

1.Some Differences Between Men And Women.
2.The thickness of men’s skin.
3.women cooler
4.more difficult or not so easy
5.slower

exercise 5

Because of his proposals about how species evolve，Charles Darwin is often namedas one of the most influential thinkers of the modern period.When the book proposing his theory of evolution，The Origin of Species，was published in 1859，it immediately sold out，and later went through six editions.Darwin was soon under attack by rival biologists，and by defenders of traditional religious beliefs.Attacks by rival biologists have largely died out，but attacks by defenders of religious orthodoxies continue into the present moment.His work is usually examined and praised or blamed  as science，not as literature，though some attacks upon it seem to come from neither perspective.
The idea of evolution had been raised before Darwin，but since the proposals were not supported by detailed demonstration，they were largely dismissed.After his voyage to South America，Darwin saw that many questions raised by field work in biology-e.g.，why the birds and tortoises of each Galapagos island were different，although the physical conditions of the islands seemed identical-could be explained if species were not unchangeable but had evolved in accordance with what he called natural selection.Darwin did not publish his own proposals about evolution，in The Origin of Species，until more than 20 years after the return of South America.There is some evidence that the delay was caused not by Darwin’s doubts about the truth of his theory but by his awareness of the problems it would raise for orthodox religious belief.
When Darwin had set out on the island，he just assumed that he might simply work “without any theory，”collection “facts on a whole scale.”But in 1860 he wrote：“Without the making of theories，I am convinced there would be no observations.”
Darwin’s concepts—the struggle for existence，survival of the fittest，evolution itself—have been employed by poets and politicians，as well as by biologists，and Darwin himself reflected to some extent on how his concepts might apply to matters other than the workings of biological nature.But it is with respect to biological nature that Darwin was to make his most convincing demonstration.
Questions：
１．.What topic is this Passage mainly about?
２．.Darwin is often regarded as one of the most influential thinkers of the modern period because
３．Even at the present，Darwin’s theory is attacked by
4．What is Darwin’s evolutionary theory about?
5．What attitude does the author have toward Darwin’s theory?

答案解析

1.Darwin’s concepts of evolution
2.he established the evolutionary theory about species
3.defenders of religious orthodoxies
4.The struggle for existence，survival of the fittest
5.Approving /Positive